The plasma Betatrophin level in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus and its correlation with the control of blood glucose / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective:To investigate the level of plasma Betatrophin in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and its correlation with the control of blood glucose.Methods:Forty-five pregnant women with GDM(GDM group) who received regular obstetric examinations in the Huaihua First People′s Hospital from July 2019 to January 2021 and 50 pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) (NGT group) during the same period were enrolled in this study. Blood glucose and blood lipid indicators were collected, plasma Betatrophin level was detected, Logistic regression analysis was used to screen the influencing factors of blood glucose control effect, the pregnancy outcome was followed up, the predictive value of Betatrophin level in blood glucose control and pregnancy outcome was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Results:The levels of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2 h postpartum blood glucose (2 h PG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA 1c), fasting insulin (FINS), 2 h postprandial insulin (2 h FINS), insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), low density lipoprotein cholesterin (LDL-C) and plasma Betatrophin in the GDM group were higher than those in the NGT group, and insulin function index (HOMA-β) and high density lipoprotein cholesterin (HDL-C) were lower than those in the NGT group ( P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that plasma Betatrophin level was positively correlated with HbA 1c and HOMA-IR in pregnant women and the GDM group ( r = 0.310, 0.314, 0.341, 0.333; P<0.05). In the GDM group, 12 patients with poor glucose control, 33 patients with good glucose control, the FPG, HbA 1c, HOMA-IR and plasma Betatrophin levels in poor glucose control patients were higher than those in good glucose control patients, HOMA-β was lower than that in the good glucose control patients: (5.82 ± 0.98)mmol/L vs. (5.04 ± 1.11) mmol/L, (9.78 ± 2.15)% vs. (8.22 ± 1.41)%, 2.71 ± 0.56 vs. 2.24 ± 0.48, (1 345.12 ± 256.32) ng/L vs. (1 165.10 ± 217.41) ng/L, 144.15 ± 22.71 vs. 158.63 ± 20.26, there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). The area under the curve of plasma Betatrophin level to predict the effect of blood glucose control was 0.775. A total of 8 pregnant women with GDM had poor pregnancy outcome, and the area under the curve predicted pregnancy outcome by plasma Betatrophin level was 0.728. Conclusions:The level of plasma Betatrophin in patients with GDM is closely related to the degree of insulin resistance and the effect of blood glucose control, and can provide some reference for clinical evaluation and therapeutic effect prediction.

Serum Betatrophin level in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and its relationship with metabolic parameters / 中华内分泌外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the relationship between serum Betatrophin levels and metabolic parameters in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) .Methods:98 patients with PCOS (PCOS group) treated in Zhengzhou People’s Hospital from Dec. 2017 to Sep. 2019 were selected. They were divided into non-obese group ( n=45) and obese group ( n=53) according to BMI value; They were divided into non-IR group ( n= 21) and IR group ( n=77) according to HOMA-IR value; They were divided into non-hyperandrogen group ( n=24) and hyperandrogen group ( n=74) according to TT level; Another 90 healthy women were taken as the control group. The baseline data, lipid metabolism indexes, hormone indexes, glucose metabolism indexes and Betatrophin levels of the two groups were recorded. Pearson test and logisitc regression model were used to analyze the influencing factors related to the increase of serum Betatrophin level in patients with PCOS. Results:Compared with the control group, PCOS group had higher level of BMI, body fat, WHR, VLDL, LDL, TG, TC, FAI, TT, LH, DHEA-S, 17-OHP, FSH, FBG, FINS, and HOMA-IR, while the HDL level was significantly lower. The difference was significant ( P<0.01). Serum Betatrophin level in obese group was significantly higher than that in the control group (163.99±126.97 vs 110.99±102.97), and the difference was statistically significant ( t=3.21, P<0.001) ; serum Betatrophin level in IR group was higher than that in the control group (160.26±136.80 vs 133.17±112.06), and the serum Betatrophin level in IR group was higher than that in the control group (173.51±147.85 vs 144.26±124.56), but the difference was not statistically significant ( P>0.05). Serum Betatrophin levels in PCOS group were positively correlated with BMI, WHR, TG, FAI, FBG, FINS ( P<0.05), and negatively correlated with HDL ( P<0.05). Logistic analysis showed that BMI, WHR and TG were independent factors affecting the increase of serum Betatrophin level. Conclusion:Serum Betatrophin levels of PCOS patients are significantly increased, and BMI, WHR, TG, HDL, FAI, FBG, FINS may play an important role in the occurrence and development of PCOS and obesity, insulin resistance, blood lipids and androgen metabolism disorders.

Relationship between blood glucose fluctuation and carotid intima-media thickness in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients and the predictive value of betatrophin / 中华健康管理学杂志

Objective:To investigate the relationship between blood glucose fluctuation and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the predictive value of betatrophin.Methods:A total of 180 newly diagnosed T2DM patients in Taiyuan Central Hospital from June 2018 to December 2019 were included for the study. And they were divided into normal intima-media group (81 cases), intima-media thickening group (60 cases) and plaque formation group (39 cases) according to the results of carotid ultrasound. The body test indexes, glucose and lipid metabolism indexes, blood glucose fluctuation and betatrophin level were compared among the three groups, and the correlation of these indexes with CIMT and risk factors of CIMT were analyzed.Results:The mean and maximal amplitude of glycemic excursions (AGE) in the plaque formation group and intima-media thickening group were significantly higher than those in the normal intima-media group [(5.08±0.62), (4.06±0.54) vs (3.17±0.41) mmol/L and (5.20±0.72), (4.26±0.54) vs (3.34±0.59) mmol/L] (all P<0.05), and these indexes in the plaque formation group were significantly higher than the intima-media thickening group (all P<0.05). Betatrophin levels in intima-media thickening group and plaque formation group were significantly higher than those in normal intima-media group [(423.35±76.24) and (490.68±97.84) vs (358.29±92.27) ng/L] (both P<0.05). Hip circumference and triglyceride (TG) in plaque formation group were obviously higher than those of the normal intima-media group and intima-media thickening group [(103.5±6.3) vs (97.6±7.0), (99.5±7.4) cm and 2.99 (1.32, 3.92) vs 1.70 (1.21, 2.39), 1.84(1.43, 2.93) mmol/L] (all P<0.05), and waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), insulin resistance of homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) levels in plaque formation group were significantly higher than those in normal intima-media group [(94.0 (86.0, 102.0) vs 88.0 (82.5, 94.0) cm, (136.2±18.0) vs (125.9±15.3) mmHg, 10.16 (8.43, 13.23) vs 8.49 (6.98, 9.97) mmol/L, (6.31±0.90) vs (4.99±0.99) mmol/L, 4.90 (3.50, 7.13) vs 2.77 (1.32, 5.07)] (all P<0.05). CIMT was positively correlated with waist circumference, hip circumference, systolic blood pressure (SBP), FBG, TC, TG, HOMA-IR, betatrophin, the mean and maximal AGE, blood glucose fluctuation coefficient (BGFC) (all P<0.05), and it was negatively correlated with time in range (TIR) ( P<0.05). The mean and maximal AGE, TC, TG and betatrophin were independent risk factors of CIMT (all P<0.05). Conclusion:Blood glucose fluctuation is closely related to CIMT in patients with T2DM, and betatrophin is expected to be an early predictor of diabetic macroangiopathy.

The relationship between serum betatrophin and early growth of fetal macrosomia / 中国新生儿科杂志

Objective To study the relationship between serum betatrophin and early growth of macrosomia.Method Full-term macrosomia born in the Maternity and Children's Branch of Ruian People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province from January to June 2018 followed up to 6 months and their mother were enrolled in the prospective case-control study as the fetal macrosomia group.The full-term infants appropriate for gestational age,who met all the above requirements were randomly enrolled in the AGA group in a 1∶1 ratio.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the level of blood betatrophin at birth and 6 months respectively,and the relationship between serum betatrophin level and the growth and development of infants was analyzed.Result A total of 4 823 live births were delivered during the study period,308 of them were full-term macrosomia,the incidence was 6.4％.30 cases were included in the macrosomia group and the AGA group,respectively.The level of blood betatrophin at birth and 6 months in the macrosomia group were higher than that in the AGA Group [(1 088.3 ± 67.8) ng/L vs.(929.5 ± 81.0) ng/L,(1 057.1 ± 114.2) ng/L vs.(976.4 ±76.6) ng/L],and the differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.01).The incidence of overweight was 26.7％ (8/30) in the macrosomia group and 6.7％ (2/30) in AGA group at 6 months of age,the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).The level of blood betatrophin in overweight infants was statistically significantly higher than that in non-overweight infants (P ＜ 0.001).There was a positive correlation (P ＜ 0.001) between the level of blood betatrophin at the age of 6 months and the weight,body length,Z-score of weight/body length,triglyceride level at birth and the age of 6 months,and the level of umbilical blood betatrophin.But it was not correlated to gender,feeding pattern,other components of blood lipid,blood glucose and insulin in the cord blood and mother's blood,and the level of blood betatrophin in mother's blood (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The betatrophin is involved in the regulation of infant growth and development,which is associated with the occurrence of overweight.

Level of Betatrophin in PCOS patients

PCOS is known now as an endocrine, metabolic, and chronic inflamatory disorder, with hyperandrogenemia, insulin resistance and obesity being the key factors that influence the expression and symptoms of the condition. Objective: To assess the level of alpha fetoprotein in PCOS women. Patients and method: A case control study conducted at Al-Elwyia. Teaching hospital when 200 women were enrolled in the study and divided into two groups: case group (100) patients with PCOS and control healthy group (100). The patient with PCOS women was diagnosed according to Roterdam criteria. Results: A total of 200 respondents and divided into 2 groups. The mean age of them (27.7 ± 2.3) years, highly significant association (P <0,001) were found between the age group especially (21-30) years in PCOS patients moreover highly significant association were found between the obese patient in PCOS than that in normal group (P<0.001). Betatrophin levels were significantly highly increases in patients than that in control group (P<0.001). Conclusion: the serum betatrophin level was significantly increased in patients with polycystic syndrome (AU)

Serum Betatrophin Concentrations and the Risk of Incident Diabetes: A Nested Case-Control Study from Chungju Metabolic Disease Cohort

BACKGROUND: Betatrophin is a newly identified hormone derived from the liver and adipose tissue, which has been suggested to regulate glucose and lipid metabolism. Circulating levels of betatrophin are altered in various metabolic diseases, although the results are inconsistent. We aimed to examine whether betatrophin is a useful biomarker in predicting the development of diabetes. METHODS: A nested case-control study was performed using a prospective Chungju Metabolic disease Cohort Study. During a 4-year follow-up period, we analyzed 167 individuals who converted to diabetes and 167 non-converters, who were matched by age, sex, and body mass index. Serum betatrophin levels were measured by an ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). RESULTS: Baseline serum betatrophin levels were significantly higher in the converter group compared to the non-converter group (1,315±598 pg/mL vs. 1,072±446 pg/mL, P < 0.001). After adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, fasting plasma glucose, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, and family history of diabetes, the risk of developing diabetes showed a stepwise increase across the betatrophin quartile groups. Subjects in the highest baseline quartile of betatrophin levels had more than a threefold higher risk of incident diabetes than the subjects in the lowest quartile (relative risk, 3.275; 95% confidence interval, 1.574 to 6.814; P=0.010). However, no significant relationships were observed between serum betatrophin levels and indices of insulin resistance or β-cell function. CONCLUSION: Circulating levels of betatrophin could be a potential biomarker for predicting new-onset diabetes. Further studies are needed to understand the underlying mechanism of this association.

Value of betatrophin in predicting nonalcoholic fatty liver disease / 临床肝胆病杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the value of betatrophin in predicting nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). MethodsA total of 160 patients with NAFLD who were diagnosed and treated in our hospital from January 2017 to January 2018 were enrolled in this study and were divided into low fat content (LFC) group with 65 patients and high fat content (HFC) group with 95 patients. A total of 72 healthy individuals were enrolled as control group. Related indices were measured, including fasting plasma glucose (FPG), HbA1c, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine (Cr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), uric acid (UA), and betatrophin. Comparison between multiple groups was made by one-way analysis of variance, and comparison between any two groups was made using the LSD-t test, comparison of categorical data between multiple groups was made by chi-square test. Pearson analysis was performed to investigate the correlation of serum betatrophin with other biochemical parameters, and multivariate linear stepwise regression analysis was used to analyze the independent risk factors for fat content. ResultsThe LFC group and the HFC group had a significantly higher serum level of betatrophin than the control group (269.3±15.4 pg/ml and 290.2±30.5 pg/ml vs 250.2±20.1 pg/ml, F=16.134, P＜0001), and the HFC group had a higher level than the LFC group (P＜0.05). The serum level of betatrophin was correlated with fat content and TC (r=0.301 and 0.128, P=0.012 and 0.027). The multiple linear stepwise regression analysis showed that fat content was positively correlated with betatrophin (t=3.361, P=0.005), TG (t=2.610, P=0.010), and AST (t=2.015, P=0.012) and was negatively correlated with HDL-C (t=-1.847, P=0.048). ConclusionLiver fat content increases with the increase in the serum level of betatrophin. Serum betatrophin may be used as a predictive factor for NAFLD, which needs further research in the future.

Progress in betatrophin research / 医学研究生学报

Betatrophin is a new kind of secretory glycoprotein,which belongs to the angiopoietin like protein family.It ex-pressed in liver and adipose tissue,and their expression level are affected by age,gender and thyroid hormone. The active mechanism of Betatrophin mechanism is still unclear. It plays an important role in the islet beta cell proliferation and in the lipid metabolism. In this paper,we mainly focus on the structure of betatrophin and the related research on blood glucose and lipid,metabolic syndrome and nonalcoholic fatty liver in recent years.

Investigation of Blood Betatrophin Levels in Obese Children with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / 대한소아소화기영양학회지

PURPOSE: The prevalence of obesity has significantly increased among children and adolescents worldwide and is becoming an important health care problem in parallel with the increased prevalence of obesity pediatric non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Betatrophin is a newly define hormone that is commonly secreted by liver and plays role in glucose tolerance. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum betatrophin levels and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in obese children. METHODS: The study included 40 obese children with a body mass index (BMI) above 95th centile, and 35 non-obese subjects with a BMI 3-85th centile, whose age and gender were similar to those of the patient group. For the evaluation of metabolic parameters fasting serum glucose, insulin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, lipid profile and serum betatrophin levels were measured. Total cholesterol: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratios were calculated as “atherogenic indices.” RESULTS: Serum betatrophin levels of the obese subjects were similar to that of non-obese subjects (p=0.90). Betatrophin levels were not correlated with the metabolic parameters. CONCLUSION: In the present study, levels of betatrophin are not different between obese and insulin resistant children and non-obese subjects, and they are not correlated with atherogenic indices. To elucidate the exact role of betatrophin in obesity, further studies are required to identify the betatrophin receptor and/or other possible cofactors.

Changes of serum betatrophin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and its relationship with diabetic retinopathy / 中华眼底病杂志

Objective To observe the serum betatrophin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to explore the role of betatrophin in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR).Methods A total of 59 patients with T2DM (DM group) and 14 healthy controls (NC group) were enrolled in the study.Vision,slit lamp microscope,indirect ophthalmoscope,fluorescein fundus angiography were performed on all the subjects.According to the results of the examination combined with the international DR clinical staging criteria,the patients were divided into no DR (Non-DR) group,non-proliferative DR (NPDR) group,and proliferative DR (PDR) group,with 30,20 and 9 patients in each,respectively.The fasting blood glucose (FPG),insulin (FIN),C-peptide,glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c),total cholesterol (TC),triglyceride (TG),high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C),low-density lipid Protein (LDL-C) levels were detected.The level of betatrophin in serum was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The correlation between betatrophin and other indicators was analyzed by Spearman correlation.The influencing factors of PDR were analyzed by logistic regression.Results Compared with subjects in the NC group,the level of FPG (F=-4.316,P＜0.001),FIN (F=2.142,P=0.001),HbA1c (F=-5.726,P＜0.001),TC (t=3.609,P=-0.010),LDL-C (t=0.000,P=0.003),and betatrophin (F=-2.263,P=0.024) were significantly increased and HDL-C level (F=-3.924,P＜0.001) was decreases in the DM group.The difference of TG level between two groups was not statistically significant (F=-1.422,P=0.155).Compared with the Non-DR group and the NPDR group,the serum C-peptide (F=7.818,P=0.020) and betatrophin levels (F=1 2.141,P=0.002) were significantly increased in the PDR group.Spearman correlation analysis showed that the levels of betatrophin in the DM group was positively correlated to TC (r=0.304,P=0.019).The serum levels of betatrophin was positively correlated to body mass index in the Non-DR group (r=0.513,P=0.004).Furthermore,in the PDR group,a significant positive correlation was observed between the serum betatrophin levels and diastolic blood pressure (r=0.685,P=0.042).Logistic regression analysis showed that the duration of diabetes,serum C-peptide and betatrophin levels were risk factors for PDR.After controlling for the duration and serum C-peptide,the PDR risk for betatrophin levels great than or equal to 1.0 ng/ml was 12 times as much as betatrophin levels less than 1.0 ng/ml in T2DM patients.Conclusions The serum betatrophin content of patients with T2DM is abnormal.Betatrophin may be involved in the occurrence and development of PDR.

Correlation of the levels of serum betatrophin, adiponectin, and interleukin-1β in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes with different stages of urinary albumin / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

267 newly-diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes were divided into normoalbuminuria group [group N-UAlb, urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR)300 mg/g, n=76). The control group(group NC) consisted of 114 healthy individuals. Serum betatrophin, adiponectin(APN), and interleukin-1β( IL-1β) levels were determined with ELISA methods and the parameters of body mass index (BMI), estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR), HbA1C, fasting plasma glucose(FPG), OGTT 2h plasma glucose(2hPG), fasting insulin(FINS), OGTT 2h postprandial insulin(2hPINS), fasting C-peptide(FCP), homeostasis model assessment insulin resistant index(HOMA-IR), and blood lipid were collected. Compared with group NC, the serum betatrophin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes were obviously increased. In patients with type 2 diabetes, betatrophin levels increased along with the increase of UACR and there were significant differences in betatrophin among the three groups(P<0. 01). Betatrophin positively correlated with UACR, HbA1C, FPG, 2hPG, FINS, 2hPINS, HOMA-IR, TC, LDL-C, and TG( r were 0. 785, 0. 225, 0. 136, 0. 241, 0. 386, 0. 223, 0. 411, 0.216,0.193,and0.298,allP<0.05),and betatrophin were also positively correlated with APN and IL-1β(rwere 0. 643 and 0. 710, both P<0. 01). Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that UACR, HbA1C, FINS, and TG were independent relevant factors affecting betatrophin levels.

Correlation study of serum betatrophin level and urinary albumin-to-creatintine ratio in patients with type 2 diabetes / 医学研究生学报

Objective There are few researches for the serum betatrophin level and diabetic nephropathy (DN) recently.The aim of this study was to investigate the change of serum betatrophin level and the correlation of serum betatrophin and urinary albumin-to-creatintine ratio (UACR) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods A total of 150 Chinese subjects from Mar 2013 to Jul 2016 were enrolled in the study, including 90 patients with type 2 diabetes and 60 healthy controls.According to the level of UACR, the diabetic patients were divided into two groups:normal UACR group (UACR30 mg/g, n=30).Serum betatrophin was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).UACR was measured by turbidimetric inhibition immune assay.Blood glucose blood lipid were measured simultaneously.Results The serum betatrophin level was significantly higher in abnormal UACR group than that in normal UACR group[677.37±59.02 vs 486.13±41.22 pg/mL, P<0.05];Serum betatrophin level in T2DM patients was positively correlated with age (r=0.246), waist hip ratio (WHR) (r=0.240), fasting blood glucose (FPG) (r=0.234), 2 hour plasma glucose (2hPG) (r=0.363), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (r=0.346), fasting insulin (FINS) (r=0.249), insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) (r=0.309), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (r=0.223), creatinine (CREA) (r=0.277) and UACR (r=0.244) (P<0.05),and negatively correlated with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (r=0.308) (P<0.01).Serum betatrophin level in normal UACR group was positively correlated with age, HbA1c and UACR (P<0.05);Serum betatrophin level in abnormal UACR group was positively correlated with WHR (r=0.504), 2hPG (r=0.600), HbA1c (r=0.449), HOMA-IR (r=0.395) (P<0.05).The WHR, HbA1c, HOMA-IR and GFR were the influential factors of the serum betatrophin level.Conclusion The level of serum betatrophin was significantly increased in T2DM patients with albuminuria, which suggests that the betatrophin might play an important role in the pathogenesis of DN.

Research progress in the relationship between betatrophin and diabetes mellitus / 基础医学与临床

Betatrophin is a newly found factor that affects the metabolisms of sugar and fat , which is mainly ex-pressed in the liver and adipose tissue .This factor not only has an influence on the glucolipid metabolism , but also has regulating effect on replicating pancreatic βcell.Glucose and lipid metabolic disorder and the decrease in the number of pancreatic βcell are main risk factors of diabetes , diabetic great vascular complications and other com-plications.Therefore, betatrophin level has close relationship with diabetes .

Follicular fluid cerebellin and betatrophin regulate the metabolic functions of growing follicles in polycystic ovary syndrome / 대한생식의학회지

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the changes of follicular fluid (FF) and serum levels of cerebellin precursor protein 1 (cbln1) and betatrophin in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) undergoing in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist protocol. METHODS: Twenty infertile women with PCOS and 20 control women diagnosed as poor responders undergoing ovarian stimulation with a GnRH antagonist were included. Blood samples were obtained during ovum pick-up. Follicular fluid from a dominant follicle was collected from the subjects. Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, FF and serum levels of cbln1 and betatrophin were measured in both groups of participants. Metabolic and hormonal parameters were also determined and correlated with each other. RESULTS: Both groups of women had similar serum and FF betatrophin levels (55.0±8.9 ng/mL vs. 53.1±10.3 ng/mL, p=0.11). The serum and FF betatrophin levels of poor responders were found to be similar (49.9±5.9 ng/mL vs. 48.9±10.7 ng/mL, p=0.22). Conversely, the FF cbln1 levels of PCOS women were found to be significantly higher than the serum cbln1 levels (589.1±147.6 ng/L vs. 531.7±74.3 ng/L, p<0.02). The FF cbln1 levels of control participants without PCOS were significantly higher than their serum cbln1 levels (599.3±211.5 ng/L vs. 525.3±87.0 ng/L, p=0.01). Positive correlations were detected among body mass index, insulin resistance, serum insulin, total testosterone, and betatrophin levels in the PCOS group. CONCLUSION: Follicular fluid betatrophin and cbln1 concentrations may play a pivotal role on follicular growth in PCOS subjects undergoing IVF/ICSI with an antagonist protocol.

Betatrophin Levels were Increased in Pregnant Women with or without Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Associated with Beta Cell Function / Níveis de betatrofina aumentados em grávidas com ou sem diabetes mellitus gestacional e associados à função das células beta

Abstract Purpose betatrophin has been reported to boost β cell expansion in insulin resistant states. Pregnancy is a well-recognized physiological state of insulin resistance. Betatrophin levels in pregnant women and their relationships with metabolic variables remain to be elucidated. Methods A total of 49 pregnant women and 31 age-matched unpregnant women with normal glucose regulation (UP-NGR) were included. Among these subjects, according to results from 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), 22 women were diagnosed as having gestational diabetes mellitus ( GDM ). Results Our study found that pregnant women, regardless of their glucose regulation status, had remarkably higher triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), fasting insulin (FINS), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-β). However, GDM patients had much lower HOMA-β compared with those of pregnant women with normal glucose regulation (P-NGR). Participants of the P-NGR group had almost 4 times higher levels of betatrophin than those of the UP-NGR group. Although betatrophin levels were lower in the GDM group than those of the P-NGR group, the difference did not reach statistical significance. Spearman correlation analysis showed that betatrophin levels were positively and significantly associated with total cholesterol, triglycerides, highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), FINS and HOMA-β. However, adjustments of TC, TG and HDL-c eliminated the association between HOMA-β and betatrophin. Conclusions Pregnant women have significantly higher betatrophin levels in comparison to unpregnant women. Betatrophin levels are positively and significantly associated with β cell function and lipid levels. Furthermore, lipids may contribute to the association between betatrophin and β cell function.

Resumo Introdução Betatrofina tem sido relacionada à expansão de células β em estado de resistência à insulina. A gravidez é um conhecido estado fisiológico de resistência à insulina. Níveis de betatrofina em gestantes e sua relação com variáveis metabólicas ainda precisam ser esclarecidas. Métodos Um total de 49 gestantes e 31 não gestantes de mesma idade com níveis normais de glicose (UP-NGR) foram incluídas. Dentre elas, de acordo com os resultados da curva glicêmica, base em 75 g, 22 mulheres foram diagnosticadas com diabetes mellitus gestational ( DMG ). Resultados Nosso estudo identificou que gestantes, independente de seus níveis de glicose, tiveram notáveis níveis elevados de triglicerídeos (TG), colesterol (TC), insulina em jejum (FINS), HOMA-IR e HOMA-β. Contudo, pacientes com DMG tiveram bem menos HOMA-β se comparadas às gestantes com níveis normais de glicose ( P-NGR ). Participantes do grupo P-NGR tiveram níveis de betatrofina quase quarto vezes maiores ao das participantes do grupo UP-NGR. Embora os níveis de betatrofina sejam menores no grupo DMG do que no P-NGR, a diferença não obteve significância estatística. Análise da correlação de Spearman demonstrou que os níveis de betatrofina foram positiva e significativamente associados ao TC, TG, HDL-c (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol), FINS e HOMA-β. Contudo, ajustes em TC, TG e HDL-c eliminaram a associação entre HOMA-β e betatrofina. Conclusões Gestantes têm níveis de betatrofina significativamente maiores do que não gestantes. Níveis de betatrofina são positive e significativamente associados às células β funcionais e níveis de lipídeos. Além disso, lipídeos podem contribuir na associação entre betatrofina e células β funcionais.

Association between Circulating Betatrophin Levels and Metabolic Parameters in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Patients / 实用医学杂志

Objective To investigate circulating betatrophin levels in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients (NAFLD). To explore its association with various metabolic parameters in Chinese subjects. Methods From August 2014 to April 2015 , 58 patients with NAFLD and 41 non-NAFLD control subjects with age and sex matched were enrolled in the Department of Endocrinology of Zhujiang Hospital. Results In NAFLD group, serum betatrophin concentrations significantly increased (781.96 vs. 431.89 pg/mL, P < 0.05) and associated only with HDL-cholesterol level. In normal group, betetrophin levels are associated with multiple metabolic parameters, such as fasting glucose, insulin, C peptide, HOMA-IR, QUICK index and HDL-C levels. Conclusions Serum betatrophin concentration significantly elevated in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients and was negatively correlated with HDL-C level (r = -0.479, P < 0.001).

Betatrophin and glucose-lipid metabolism / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Betatrophin,discovered in 2013,is a protein secreted by liver,white adipose tissues,and brown adipose tissues.Betatrophin can improve glucose tolerance in mice by promoting islet β cell proliferation and increasing the number of β cells significantly and specifically.At the same time,Betatrophin is involved in lipid metabolism.Betatrophin may work as the new target for treatment of diabetes and disorders of lipid metabolism.

Relationship between diabetes and betatrophin / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Replenishing the insulin-producing β cell mass is considered to be a hot topic in the field of diabetes treatment.It has long been known that pancreatic β cells are generated primarily by self-duplication in adults.However,insulin resistance can induce dramatic compensatory β cell mass expansion in the pancreas.Therefore,it is of great value to investigate the etiology and pathogenesis of β cell proliferation under insulin resistance.The recent study has shown that betatrophin,a protein secreted by the liver,modulates β cell growth in response to insulin resistance.We published one article in Diabetes Care titledIncreased circulating levels of betatrophin in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patientsto elaborate the relationship between diabetes and betatrophin.